Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults

Kosuke Hirata; Mari Ito; Yuta Nomura; Chiho Kawashima; Tsukasa Yoshida; Yosuke Yamada; Neale A Tillin; Geoffrey A Power; Ryota Akagi

Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults

Kosuke Hirata, Mari Ito, Yuta Nomura, Chiho Kawashima, Tsukasa Yoshida, Yosuke Yamada, Neale A Tillin, Geoffrey A Power, Ryota Akagi

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors.

METHODS: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65-88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30-45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume.

RESULTS: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and better time efficiency.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	112430
Journal	Experimental gerontology
Volume	190
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2024

Keywords

Humans
Resistance Training/methods
Aged
Male
Muscle Strength/physiology
Aged, 80 and over
Muscle Fatigue/physiology
Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
Isometric Contraction/physiology
Knee/physiology
Muscle Contraction/physiology

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652400072X?via%3Dihub

Cite this

@article{2e518dec44ca4d01a643d1e12d525de5,

title = "Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults",

abstract = "PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors.METHODS: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65-88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30-45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume.RESULTS: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures.CONCLUSIONS: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and better time efficiency.",

keywords = "Humans, Resistance Training/methods, Aged, Male, Muscle Strength/physiology, Aged, 80 and over, Muscle Fatigue/physiology, Muscle, Skeletal/physiology, Isometric Contraction/physiology, Knee/physiology, Muscle Contraction/physiology",

author = "Kosuke Hirata and Mari Ito and Yuta Nomura and Chiho Kawashima and Tsukasa Yoshida and Yosuke Yamada and Tillin, {Neale A} and Power, {Geoffrey A} and Ryota Akagi",

year = "2024",

month = jun,

day = "1",

language = "English",

volume = "190",

pages = "112430",

journal = "Experimental gerontology",

issn = "0531-5565",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults

AU - Hirata, Kosuke

AU - Ito, Mari

AU - Nomura, Yuta

AU - Kawashima, Chiho

AU - Yoshida, Tsukasa

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Tillin, Neale A

AU - Power, Geoffrey A

AU - Akagi, Ryota

PY - 2024/6/1

Y1 - 2024/6/1

N2 - PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors.METHODS: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65-88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30-45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume.RESULTS: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures.CONCLUSIONS: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and better time efficiency.

AB - PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors.METHODS: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65-88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30-45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume.RESULTS: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures.CONCLUSIONS: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and better time efficiency.

KW - Humans

KW - Resistance Training/methods

KW - Aged

KW - Male

KW - Muscle Strength/physiology

KW - Aged, 80 and over

KW - Muscle Fatigue/physiology

KW - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology

KW - Isometric Contraction/physiology

KW - Knee/physiology

KW - Muscle Contraction/physiology

M3 - Article

C2 - 38608793

SN - 0531-5565

VL - 190

SP - 112430

JO - Experimental gerontology

JF - Experimental gerontology

ER -