Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data

Abhijit M. Chinchani; Mahesh Menon; Meighen Roes; Heungsun Hwang; Paul Allen; Vaughan Bell; Josef Bless; Catherine Bortolon; Matteo Cella; Charles Fernyhough; Jane Garrison; Eva Kozáková; Frank Laroi; Jamie Moffatt; Nicolas Say; Mimi Suzuki; Wei Lin Toh; Yuliya Zaytseva; Susan L. Rossell; Peter Moseley; Todd S. Woodward

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data

Abhijit M. Chinchani, Mahesh Menon, Meighen Roes, Heungsun Hwang, Paul Allen, Vaughan Bell, Josef Bless, Catherine Bortolon, Matteo Cella, Charles Fernyhough, Jane Garrison, Eva Kozáková, Frank Laroi, Jamie Moffatt, Nicolas Say, Mimi Suzuki, Wei Lin Toh, Yuliya Zaytseva, Susan L. Rossell, Peter MoseleyTodd S. Woodward

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions—namely, HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality—may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.

Original language	English
Journal	Cortex
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 24 Aug 2021

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10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

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Chinchani, A. M., Menon, M., Roes, M., Hwang, H., Allen, P., Bell, V., Bless, J., Bortolon, C., Cella, M., Fernyhough, C., Garrison, J., Kozáková, E., Laroi, F., Moffatt, J., Say, N., Suzuki, M., Toh, W. L., Zaytseva, Y., Rossell, S. L., ... Woodward, T. S. (Accepted/In press). Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data. Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

@article{8462152c7f3d438aa85526c0c25352a2,

title = "Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data",

abstract = "Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions—namely, HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality—may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.",

author = "Chinchani, {Abhijit M.} and Mahesh Menon and Meighen Roes and Heungsun Hwang and Paul Allen and Vaughan Bell and Josef Bless and Catherine Bortolon and Matteo Cella and Charles Fernyhough and Jane Garrison and Eva Koz{\'a}kov{\'a} and Frank Laroi and Jamie Moffatt and Nicolas Say and Mimi Suzuki and Toh, {Wei Lin} and Yuliya Zaytseva and Rossell, {Susan L.} and Peter Moseley and Woodward, {Todd S.}",

year = "2021",

month = aug,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014",

language = "English",

journal = "Cortex",

issn = "0010-9452",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Chinchani, AM, Menon, M, Roes, M, Hwang, H, Allen, P, Bell, V, Bless, J, Bortolon, C, Cella, M, Fernyhough, C, Garrison, J, Kozáková, E, Laroi, F, Moffatt, J, Say, N, Suzuki, M, Toh, WL, Zaytseva, Y, Rossell, SL, Moseley, P & Woodward, TS 2021, 'Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data', Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

TY - JOUR

T1 - Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data

AU - Chinchani, Abhijit M.

AU - Menon, Mahesh

AU - Roes, Meighen

AU - Hwang, Heungsun

AU - Allen, Paul

AU - Bell, Vaughan

AU - Bless, Josef

AU - Bortolon, Catherine

AU - Cella, Matteo

AU - Fernyhough, Charles

AU - Garrison, Jane

AU - Kozáková, Eva

AU - Laroi, Frank

AU - Moffatt, Jamie

AU - Say, Nicolas

AU - Suzuki, Mimi

AU - Toh, Wei Lin

AU - Zaytseva, Yuliya

AU - Rossell, Susan L.

AU - Moseley, Peter

AU - Woodward, Todd S.

PY - 2021/8/24

Y1 - 2021/8/24

N2 - Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions—namely, HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality—may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.

AB - Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions—namely, HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality—may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.

U2 - 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

DO - 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014

M3 - Article

SN - 0010-9452

JO - Cortex

JF - Cortex

ER -